{"id":321,"date":"2015-12-02T19:54:05","date_gmt":"2015-12-03T02:54:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sites.evergreen.edu\/vms\/?p=321"},"modified":"2015-12-08T17:07:08","modified_gmt":"2015-12-09T00:07:08","slug":"acartia-tonsa-dwl","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.evergreen.edu\/vms\/acartia-tonsa-dwl\/","title":{"rendered":"Acartia tonsa"},"content":{"rendered":"

Acartia tonsa<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

by DWL\u00a0<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"Monograph<\/a>

Length: 1.131\u00b1 0.067 mm Width: 0.358 \u00b1 0.0035 mm<\/p><\/div>\n

(Fisheries and Oceans, 2009; sanpm95, 2010; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Accessed November 2015.)<\/p>\n

\"A.<\/a>

A. tonsa about to catch it’s motile prey.<\/p><\/div>\n

(sanpm95, 2010)<\/p>\n

General and Ecological Information\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/h3>\n

Scale: 0.5 to 1.5mm (Gonzalez, 2013).<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Acartia tonsa<\/em> are planktonic organisms that live in estuaries and coastal areas (Gonzalez, 2013). They are related to crustaceans (Gonzalez, 2013). They use maxillipeds (appendages exclusive to crustaceans) in order to feed (Gonzalez, 2013). A. tonsa <\/em>feeds on Rotifers and Ciliates, diatoms (Gonzalez, 2013).<\/p>\n

\"A.<\/a>

A. tonsa in their habitat<\/p><\/div>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0A.\u00a0<\/em><\/span>tonsa<\/em> has two different methods of catching motile and immotile prey. When they feed on motile prey, <\/span>A. tonsa <\/em>sink down to a certain water level without moving any appendage (Ki\u00f8rboe et al. 1996). They sense the prey (Ex: Ciliate) via Mechanoreceptor on the antennae (Ki\u00f8rboe et al. 1996). They jump to a great distance and angle quickly to catch and digest their prey (Ki\u00f8rboe et al. 1996). They catch immotile prey by generating a feeding current in order to filter out the immotile prey during respiration (Ki\u00f8rboe et al. 1996). <\/span>A. tonsa <\/em>have a 3 to 4 week maturation period (Ki\u00f8rboe et al. 1985).<\/span><\/p>\n

\"A.<\/a>

A. tonsa catches motile prey.<\/p><\/div>\n

Scientific Studies<\/h3>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 One scientific Study on A. tonsa<\/em> (Ki\u00f8rboe et al. 1996) was about observing the method in which they attacked their prey (Ki\u00f8rboe et al. 1996). They hypothesized that the A. tonsa<\/em> has 2 different methods of capturing motile (ciliates) and immotile prey (diatoms) (Ki\u00f8rboe et al. 1996). They also hypothesized that turbulence would change as different methods would be used (Ki\u00f8rboe et al. 1996).<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0The experiment was done 14 times (Ki\u00f8rboe et al. 1996). Each experiment was done with a concentration of ciliates (Strombidium<\/em>), diatoms (Thalassiosira weissflogu<\/em>) and or copepods (Ki\u00f8rboe et al. 1996). They had 4 replicate experiment and 4 controlled experiments without the copepods (Ki\u00f8rboe et al. 1996). They also observed the diatoms using 12 different combinations in bottles (Ki\u00f8rboe et al. 1996). Turbulence was simultaneously tested in the bottles (Ki\u00f8rboe et al. 1996).<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 The results were that when the A. tonsa<\/em> ate ciliates, it would eat less diatoms (Ki\u00f8rboe et al. 1996). However, their hypothesis that the A. tonsa<\/em> was too busy to eat ciliates when they were eating diatoms was proven false (Ki\u00f8rboe et al. 1996). The results also did confirm that there was a switching of methods when catching motile and\/or immotile prey (Ki\u00f8rboe et al. 1996). Finally, the results did confirm a difference in turbulence with the different methods of catching prey (Ki\u00f8rboe et al. 1996).<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Another study about A. Tonsa<\/em> by Kiorboe featured measuring the A. tonsa<\/em>\u2019s rate of clearance, ingestion, ammonia excretion, respiration and egg production compared to its food concentration (Ki\u00f8rboe et al. 1985). They had thought that the A. tonsa<\/em>\u2019s metabolic feeding rate was due to its growth and transport (Ki\u00f8rboe et al., 1985).<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 For the experiment, A. tonsa<\/em> were held in tanks and were given plankton algae, Isochrysis galbana<\/em> and Rhodomonas<\/em> to feed off of (Ki\u00f8rboe et al. 1985). The scientists studied the A. tonsa<\/em>\u2019s rate of ingestion by incubating 10 to 15 females in glass jars (Ki\u00f8rboe et al. 1985). They were then placed in 4 bottles with Rhodomonas<\/em> (Ki\u00f8rboe et al. 1985). There were also 2 bottles without A. tonsa <\/em>(Ki\u00f8rboe et al. 1985). To measure respiration rate, the scientists placed 20 fertilized female A. tonsas <\/em>in a respiration chamber, which is a glass tube connected to silicone stoppers (Ki\u00f8rboe et al. 1985). A needle would be occasionally inserted to give food and water to the A. tonsas <\/em>(Ki\u00f8rboe et al. 1985). The oxygen rate inside the chamber was monitored. Finally, in order to test the ammonia excretion, the A. tonsas<\/em> were washed by filtered water to be put in beakers (Ki\u00f8rboe et al. 1985). The scientists would take one sample from the beaker to measure the ammonia excretion (Ki\u00f8rboe et al. 1985).<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0The results showed that A. Tonsa<\/em>\u2019s egg production declined when given a consistently high amount of food (Ki\u00f8rboe et al. 1985). The A. tonsa<\/em>\u2019s egg production grew when there was a gradient of low to high food concentration (Ki\u00f8rboe et al. 1985). The rate of respiration was constant for 8 hours (around an 8 out of 10) (Ki\u00f8rboe et al. 1985). Then afterwards, the respiration rate decreased (to a 2) dramatically (Ki\u00f8rboe et al. 1985). After day 2, the respiration rate was at a constant number below 2 (Ki\u00f8rboe et al. 1985). They found that lipids are not vital to the survival of the A. tonsa<\/em> (Ki\u00f8rboe et al. 1985).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Symbolism for Humanity<\/h3>\n
\"The<\/a>

The A. Tonsa making decisions pivotal to its survival.<\/p><\/div>\n

\u00a0The\u00a0A.\u00a0<\/em>tonsa<\/em> seems to be a very selective organism. The <\/span>A. tonsa <\/em>will execute a method of catching prey that will make the most sense for them. For example, they will become still in order to jump and catch motile prey. They also create a current to catch sessile prey. Both of these methods require a large amount of energy. The <\/span>A. Tonsa <\/em>needs to be selective in how much energy it will use and when. That is why the<\/span> A. tonsa<\/em> deliberately makes decisions that will benefit it. This can be applied to people making decisions on what to do with their time. Will they go do work or will they rest? The <\/span>A. tonsa<\/em> is similar to a person who is an expert in time management as it makes the choice that makes the most sense for them in the situation.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

References<\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. Gonzalez, G. 2013. “Acartia tonsa”, Animal Diversity Web. Web. Accessed November 2015.\u00a0<\/li>\n
  2. Ki\u00f8rboe, Thomas, M\u00f8hlenberg, Flemming, Hamburger, Kirsten (1985).\u00a0Bioenergetics of the planktonic copepod Acartia tonsa: relation between feeding, egg production and respiration, and composition of specific dynamic action<\/em>. Marine Ecology. Vol. 26: pgs. 85-97.<\/li>\n
  3. Ki\u00f8rboe, Thomas, Saiz, Enric, Viitasalo, Markku (1996). Prey Switching Behaviour in the planktonic copepod Acartia tonsa<\/em>. Marine Ecology. Vol. 143: 65-75.<\/li>\n
  4. Fisheries & Oceans Canada. 2009. “Untitled Acartia tonsa Image”, Web. Accessed November 2015.<\/li>\n
  5. Sanpm95. 2010. \u201cAcartia\u00a0Ambush Attacks\u201d, Youtube. Accessed November 2015.<\/li>\n
  6. Scripps Institution of Oceanography. “Untitled Acartia tonsa Image”, Web. Accessed November 2015.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Acartia tonsa<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2359,"featured_media":1178,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false},"categories":[28,5],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.evergreen.edu\/vms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/321"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.evergreen.edu\/vms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.evergreen.edu\/vms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.evergreen.edu\/vms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2359"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.evergreen.edu\/vms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=321"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sites.evergreen.edu\/vms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/321\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.evergreen.edu\/vms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1178"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.evergreen.edu\/vms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=321"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.evergreen.edu\/vms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=321"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.evergreen.edu\/vms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=321"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}